How to write a Research Paper and Hands on Training of SPSS - A Statistical Tool

Data Science
Statistics
Research
SPSS
Author

Muhammad Yaseen

Published

April 18, 2019

Introduction

Statistics

  • Statistics deals with uncertainty & variability
  • Statistics turns data into information
  • Data -> Information -> Knowledge -> Wisdom
  • Statistics is the interpretation of Science
  • Statistics is the Art & Science of learning from data

 

 

Variable

  • Characteristic that may vary from individual to individual

 

Measurement

  • Process of assigning numbers or labels to objects or states in accordance with logically accepted rules

 

Measurement Scales

  • Nominal Scale: Obersvations may be classified into mutually exclusive & exhaustive categories
  • Ordinal Scale: Obersvations may be ranked
  • Interval Scale: Difference between obersvations is meaningful
  • Ratio Scale: Ratio between obersvations is meaningful & true zero point

 

Descriptive Statistics

  • No of observations
  • Measures of Central Tendency
  • Measures of Dispersion
  • Measures of Skewness
  • Measures of Kurtosis

 

Example

Fertilizer (Kg/acre) Production (Bushels/acre)
100 70
200 70
400 80
500 100

 

 

Analyze > Descriptive Statistics > Descriptives …

 

 

Boxwhisker Diagram

  • Pictorial display of five number summary (Minimum, Q1, Q2, Q3 and Maximum)

 

Example

Yield Variety
5 V1
6 V1
7 V1
15 V2
16 V2
17 V2

 

 

Graphs > Legacy Dialogs > Scatter/Boxplot …

 

 

Regression Analysis

  • Quantifying dependency of a normal response on quantitative explanatory variable(s)

 

 

Simple Linear Regression

  • Quantifying dependency of a normal response on a quantitative explanatory variable

 

Example

Fertilizer (Kg/acre) Production (Bushels/acre)
100 70
200 70
400 80
500 100

 

 

Graphs > Legacy Dialogs > Scatter/Dot …

 

 

Analyze > Regression > Linear …

 

 

Exercise

Fertilizer Yield
0.3 10
0.6 15
0.9 30
1.2 35
1.5 25
1.8 30
2.1 50
2.4 45

 

Exercise

Weekly Income ($) Weekly Expenditures ($)
80 70
100 65
120 90
140 95
160 110
180 115
200 120
220 140
240 155
260 150

 

Multiple Linear Regression

  • Quantifying dependency of a normal response on two or more quantitative explanatory variables

 

Example

Fertilizer (Kg) Rainfall (mm) Yield (Kg)
100 10 40
200 20 50
300 10 50
400 30 70
500 20 65
600 20 65
700 30 80

 

 

Analyze > Regression > Linear …

 

 

Correlation Analysis

  • Linear Relationship between Quantitative Variables

 

Simple Correlation Analysis

  • Linear Relationship between Two Quantitative Variables
  • \(\left(X_{1},X_{2}\right)\)

 

Example

Sparrow Wing length (cm) Sparrow Tail length (cm)
10.4 7.4
10.8 7.6
11.1 7.9
10.2 7.2
10.3 7.4
10.2 7.1
10.7 7.4
10.5 7.2
10.8 7.8
11.2 7.7
10.6 7.8
11.4 8.3

 

 

Analyze > Correlate > Bivariate …

 

 

Partial Correlation Analysis

  • Linear Relationship between Quantitative Variables while holding/keeping all other constants
  • \(\left(X_{1},X_{2}\right)|X_{3}\)

 

Example

Leaf Area (cm^2) Leaf Moisture (%) Total Shoot Length (cm)
72 80 307
174 75 529
116 81 632
78 83 527
134 79 442
95 81 525
113 80 481
98 81 710
148 74 422
42 78 345

 

 

Analyze > Correlate > Partial …

 

Citation

BibTeX citation:
@online{yaseen2019,
  author = {Yaseen, Muhammad},
  title = {How to Write a {Research} {Paper} and {Hands} on {Training}
    of {SPSS} - {A} {Statistical} {Tool}},
  date = {2019-04-18},
  url = {https://myaseen208.com/blogs/2019-04-18-UOL/},
  langid = {en}
}
For attribution, please cite this work as:
Yaseen, Muhammad. 2019. “How to Write a Research Paper and Hands on Training of SPSS - A Statistical Tool.” April 18, 2019. https://myaseen208.com/blogs/2019-04-18-UOL/.
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